Boutonniere Deformity, is a deformity that occurs as a result of injury or damage to the extensor tendon in the hand. In this condition, one or more fingers exhibit flexion at the distal joint while extension is observed at the middle joint, leading to a decrease in finger mobility. Boutonniere Deformity typically develops due to sports injuries, joint dislocations, or arthritis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preserve finger function and prevent progression.

It usually occurs after trauma. The straightening of the finger happens through a complex mechanism. A tendon running centrally on the top of the finger primarily straightens the proximal and middle phalanges, while tendons coming from both sides of the finger straighten the distal phalanx. In Boutonniere Deformity, the centrally located tendon has been injured near the middle joint of the proximal phalanx.

Boutonniere Deformity Symptoms:

• Flexion at the fingertip joint and extension at the middle joint
• Difficulty and stiffness in finger movements
• Inability of the finger to fully straighten

Causes of Boutonniere Deformity:

• Sports injuries (e.g., football, basketball)
• Joint dislocations and injuries
• Rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases
• Familial predisposition

Boutonniere Deformity Treatment:

• Conservative treatment: Finger splint and exercises
• Surgical intervention: Tendon repair or surgical correction